Pregnancy Advice

Deciding when to start a family is a deeply personal choice. While you’ll know when you feel ready, understanding key factors about fertility and pregnancy can help inform your decision.

Age and Fertility

• Age and Conception: Female fertility naturally declines after age 35. The likelihood of complications and certain birth defects also increases with maternal age.
• Spacing Pregnancies: Ideally, aim for around 18 months between pregnancies to improve outcomes. Balance this with age-related fertility changes and your personal readiness.
• After Miscarriage: There’s no single “right time” to try again after a miscarriage. Allow yourself time to physically and emotionally heal.

Improving Your Chances of Conception

• Conception Rates: Around 80% of couples under 40 conceive within one year of trying. Half of those who don’t, conceive within two years.
• Frequency of Sex: Having regular sex every 2 to 3 days throughout the month is recommended. While timing sex around ovulation seems logical, guidance from NICE advises it can be stressful and isn’t necessarily more effective. Sperm can live for about 5 days, so it can “wait” for the egg.
• Folic Acid: Taking 400mcg of folic acid daily for three months before conception and up to 12 weeks of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects (like spina bifida) by 70%.
  
  • Higher Dose (5mg) Folic Acid: A higher prescription dose is needed if you have a family history of neural tube defects, diabetes, coeliac disease, a BMI over 30, are on certain anti-epileptic medications, or have conditions like sickle cell anaemia or thalassaemia.
• Weight and Diet: Aim for a healthy BMI (18.5 to 24.9). Being underweight can increase risks of miscarriage and low birth weight, while being overweight can lead to subfertility and various pregnancy complications. If you’ve had bariatric surgery, use contraception until your weight stabilises (usually 12 months post-procedure).
  
  • Calculate your BMI using the NHS tool.
• Smoking: Stop smoking before conception. Smoking is linked to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight, and conditions like cleft lip and palate. Seek support from your local Smoke Free service.
• Alcohol: Avoid alcohol entirely when trying to conceive. Alcohol can increase the risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, and Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
• Vaccinations & Screening: Before trying to conceive, ensure you’re up-to-date with:
  
  • Cervical screening and STI screening.
  • MMR, Varicella (Chicken Pox), and Hepatitis B vaccinations.
  • Consider haemoglobinopathy testing (e.g., for sickle-cell disease, thalassaemia) if you’re from at-risk regions (Mediterranean, Middle East, Asia, sub-Saharan Africa) or have a family history.
  • If you’ve recently travelled to a Zika-affected country, avoid conceiving for three months (men) or two months (women) after exposure.

NHS Funded Fertility Treatment for Same-Sex Couples & Single Women

In Cheshire and Merseyside, NHS-funded subfertility treatment policies for same-sex couples and single women require evidence of proven subfertility. This is defined as no live birth after up to six cycles of artificial insemination (AI), or subfertility proven by clinical investigation following NICE guidance.

• AI must be undertaken in a clinical setting with initial assessment.
• The Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) will not fund the initial AI cycles, but will fund access to a clinical consultation for further assessment and treatment options.

Do You Need to Contact Your GP?

Generally, you don’t need GP involvement to plan conception for straightforward pregnancies. You can often book antenatal care directly (e.g., at Liverpool Women’s Hospital by calling 0151 2474747).

However, we highly recommend contacting your GP or nurse practitioner if you have any of the following pre-existing conditions, as specialist advice or re-evaluation of your health needs may be required:

• Taking prescribed medication
• Using illicit drugs (we offer in-house drug and alcohol services)
• Mental health problems
• Thyroid disease
• Diabetes
• Epilepsy
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
• Kidney disease
• Asthma
• High risk of previous blood clots
• Cardiac disease
• Rheumatological conditions
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Haemoglobinopathies